Now, in order to get to the root of what makes these different scales show different emotions, you must understand the scale formulas. Scales have what are called whole steps and half steps. Using the piano model, start at A. Directly after A is A-sharp, the black key, but right after A-sharp is B. A whole step is when you "skip" the key in the middle. So A to B would be a whole step, but also a whole step up from B would be C-sharp since you skip the middle key which is C. Half steps are when you go directly to the next key, so A to A-sharp would be a half-step and so would B to C.
Music theory has "scale formulas," which allow you to pick any note and know the major scale with that root. Whole steps abbreviated "W" and half steps "H," the major scale formula is "W, W, H, W, W, W, H." The natural minor scale formula is "W, H, W, W, H, W, W." So, starting from C for both formulas, the major scale would be "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C," and the minor would be "C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B-flat, C" (via Hub Guitar).
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